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貿易英会話 LESSON
5 EXPORT
FINANCING（輸出金融）
A.
Dialog
①融資する Banker:
Well, I may be able to help a little. We have
correspondent banks in most other countries. Businessman: That's what I thought. Now, the first thing is, my customer wants to deposit① the full payment for the goods in his bank. Will that work out all right?
①預託する Banker:
Oh, yes. Your customer's bank will forward a letter
of credit to us. Businessman:
That means I'll be paid when I've fulfilled the
terms of the sales contract and the letter of credit? Banker: Yes. You'll present to this bank a commercial invoice①, an insurance certificate②, and a set of on-board bills of lading③ or air waybills④.
①商業送り状 ②保険承認状（保険証明書） ③船積船荷証券 ④航空貨物運送状 Businessman:
This would show that the customer has received the
goods. Banker: Yes. However, sometimes an inspection report① or certification of quality② from an inspecting firm③ is also required.
①検査報告書 ②品質証明書 ③検査会社 Businessman: My customer has agreed to give me an irrevocable letter of credit①.
①取消不能信用状 Banker:
Good. That's the next best thing to cash in advance.
Businessman: I sell to my domestic customers on open account①. Would that work with my foreign customers?
①掛け売り Banker:
Yes. That's often done if the customer's credit is
good. Businessman: What about a sight draft①?
①一覧払手形 Banker: This is a popular method of payment. It means that you can collect① for the shipment as soon as you send it.
①代金回収する Businessman: A time draft① is different, I believe.
①期限付き手形 Banker: Yes. With a time draft, your customer takes possession of① the goods as soon as he accepts the draft② but puts off payment for 30, 60, or 90 days as agreed beforehand.
①～を引き取る ②手形を引受ける Businessman:
Oh, I see. Now, another matter. Can your bank give
me a loan or credit to cover the cost of the goods exported? Banker: Yes, we can do that. But we may get export credit insurance①.
①輸出信用保険 Banker: Loss due to war, revolution①, civil insurrection②, expropriation③, currency inconvertibility④, and cancellation of import license.
①革命 ②内乱 ③収用 ④通貨の交換停止
B.
Terminology Practice
An
air waybill includes charges for the shipment. An
air waybill shows your customer that the goods were shipped by air. An
air waybill is similar to an on-board bill of lading. bill of lading: a description of goods shipped, given by the transporting
company to the shipper The
bill of lading has not come in. Was
there a change in the bill of lading? The
bill of lading was dated wrong. certification of quality: a written statement that goods are to the
specifications of those ordered, e.g., the same size, quality, etc. A
certification of quality is a protection to the customer. A
good businessman wants a certification of quality. Many
shipments do not require a certification of quality. commercial invoice: an invoice used in international trade A
commercial invoice must go with the shipment. A
copy of the commercial invoice is kept by the shipper. Another
copy of the commercial invoice is given to the customer. currency: money It
is not necessary to use currency. Can
it be purchased in the currency of my country? The
value of the currency has not changed. currency
inconvertibility: inability
to change foreign money into the money of one's own country Currency
inconvertibility may cause the loss of a sale. Export
credit insurance may cover currency inconvertibility. If
he has insurance, currency inconvertibility may not result in a loss to the
shipper. export
credit insurance: protection
against loss on a loan or credit Government
agencies provide export credit insurance. We
require that you take out export credit insurance. The
charge for export credit insurance is small. expropriation:
the
taking possession①
by a government of someone else's property or goods ①占有する Expropriation
is one of the risks in this case. Expropriation
has caused a lot of trouble between governments. Not
many governments practice expropriation. fulfill the terms: carry out the terms of an agreement To
receive payment you must fulfill the terms of a sales contract. The
goods must be as promised if you are to fulfill the terms of the contract. A
customer depends on you to fulfill the terms of your contract. goods:
things which are bought or sold The
goods have been shipped. Did
the goods arrive when they were supposed to? The
goods were sold on credit. inspection report: a notice that goods were examined Usually
an inspecting firm can make an inspection report. An
inspection report is not always required. Sometimes
the government makes an inspection report. insurance certificate: in this sense, written proof that shipping is
covered by insurance An
insurance certificate must be shown. In
case of loss, an insurance certificate will permit payment. An
insurance certificate is required by the contract. invoice:
an
itemized description of goods shipped stating their price, given
by the seller to the buyer We
did not receive an invoice. Have
the invoices been made out? The
invoice was not accurate. irrevocable letter of credit:
a promise of payment which cannot be cancelled without the consent of
everyone concerned An
irrevocable letter of credit gives you the greatest protection. Some
shipments are made without an irrevocable letter of credit. A
bank can issue an irrevocable letter of credit. letter of credit: a written promise to pay There
are several kinds of letters of credit. A
letter of credit is as good as money. Your
bank will handle the letter of credit. on-board bill of lading: a notice by the shipper that goods were placed on
board ship An
on-board bill of lading shows that the shipment was received by the
steamship line. An
on-board bill of lading is necessary to receive payment. Several
copies of an on-board bill of lading are made. open
account:
a method of exchanging goods in which the customer is given credit and
payment is to be made some time in the future Goods
are often sold on open account. An
open account is similar to consignment of goods. You
may know your customer well enough to sell on open account. sight draft: a type of payment in which a customer normally pays for the
goods before he receives them The
sight draft is paid when the goods are shipped. To
pay on sight draft is a popular method. There
is no risk in a sight draft arrangement. time draft: a type of payment in which the customer receives the goods
but is allowed to put off payment for 30, 60, or 90 days The
customer need not pay immediately in a time draft arrangement. If
the customer wants to wait 30 days to pay, you may sell by time draft. If
you know the customer, you may let him wait 90 days to pay on a time draft.
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